Home -> Personal Tax -> Filing Your Return -> Employment Expenses -> Employee work space in home expenses

One of the following applies:
1. Your employer required you to work from home (written or verbal agreement). For 2023, the employee will be considered to satisfy this criteria if they have voluntarily entered into a formal telework agreement with their employer,
  OR
2. You worked from home in 2020, 2021 or 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic - this only applies for home office expenses for those years.
You were required to pay for expenses related to the work space in your home, but no deduction is allowed for expenses reimbursed by your employer.
One of the following applies
1. Your work space is where you mainly (more than 50% of the time) work for a period of at least 4 consecutive weeks in the year. If you have more than 1 eligible period during the year, you can claim your expenses for each period.
  OR
2. You only use your work space to earn employment income, AND you use it regularly and continually for in-person meetings with clients, customers, or other people while doing your work.
Your expenses are used directly in your work.
One of the following applies:
1. You have a completed and signed copy of Form T2200, Declaration of Conditions of Employment, from your employer,
  OR
2. You have a completed and signed copy of Form T2200S, Declaration of Conditions of Employment for Working at Home Due to COVID-19, from your employer.

Form T2200 Declaration of Conditions of Employment need not be submitted with the tax return, but must be retained and provided if so requested by CRA. These expenses are detailed and summarized on Form T777 and entered as a deduction from income on line 22900 (other employment expenses) of the personal income tax return. The employee will only be able to deduct the expenses that the employer required them to pay, and not all expenses will be deductible.

For 2023, eligible employees who worked from home must use the detailed method for calculating home office expenses - the temporary flat rate method no longer applies. See CRA's Home office expenses for employees.

These expenses can be entered as "other expenses" in the Detailed Canadian Tax and RRSP Savings Calculator.

Deductible Working From Home Expenses

In order for expenses not reimbursed by the employer to be deductible, the above criteria must be met.

Allowed expenses include heat, electricity, light bulbs, cleaning materials, maintenance, etc. If the home is rented, a reasonable portion of the rent may be deducted.

Mortgage interest and capital cost allowance (depreciation) may not be deducted.

See Expenses you can claim from CRA, which lists many types of expenses and whether they can or cannot be claimed.

Working From Home Travel Expenses

Travel to your employer's place of business may be deductible if not reimbursed by a tax-free vehicle allowance.

See Working From Home Travel Expenses.

Internet and Cell Phone Use

Some employers may choose to reimburse their employees’ internet or cell phone costs. The CRA’s existing policies maintain that the portion used for employment purposes would not result in a taxable benefit in some circumstances - see T4130

A few points:

	This affects business deductions, employee taxable benefits and employment expenses.
	It's very important to have business and personal cell phone usage (voice & data) documented in order to have it accepted by CRA, somewhat like a mileage log/trip log for business and personal vehicle usage.
	There are impacts on GST/HST input tax credits from cell phone usage and home internet access costs.
	Cell phone costs, as well as office supplies, are not considered work space in home expenses, and are claimed on a different section of Form T777.

See below for more information on CRA's review of the home expenses of Jamie Golombek, F CPA, F CA, CFP, CLU, TEP.

Sales Commission Employees

Sales commission employees eligible to deduct work-space-in-home expenses may also deduct a reasonable portion of property taxes and home insurance, and reasonable monthly home internet access fees. See CRA's Guide T4044 Chapter 2 - Employees earning commission income.

Salaried Employees - Home Internet Fees

In CRA's Guide T4044 under the heading of Chapter 3 - Employees earning a salary - Supplies (Computers, cell phones, and other equipment), previously indicated that "You cannot deduct the monthly access fees for home Internet service." This was revised on January 29, 2021, for 2020 and later years, with a NOTE indicating You can include your reasonable monthly home internet access fees as part of your work-space-in-the-home expenses.

To find anything in the guide or on any web page or in any document, just do ctrl-f (find) and type the word or phrase you want to find.

T777 Statement of Employment Expenses

CRA form T777, Statement of Employment Expenses, is used to list all employment expenses, and to calculate the amount of allowable motor vehicle expenses and work-space-in-home expenses.

The work-space-in-home expenses can only be used to reduce employment income. They cannot be used to create or increase a loss from employment income. Any expenses in excess of the employment income can be carried forward to be used in the next tax year.

Calculators for Working From Home Expenses

Canada Revenue Agency:

Calculate your expenses - calculator to assist with the calculation of eligible home office expenses.

Revenue Quebec:

Choose the method of calculating teleworking expenses that is the most advantageous for you - the Fixed Rate Method is not applicable for 2023 and later years.

Teleworking Expenses Tool - only the Detailed Method is applicable for 2023 and later years.

GST/HST on Work-Space-In-Home Expenses

The work-space-in-home expenses will include any GST/HST or provincial sales taxes incurred. You may be eligible for a refund of the GST/HST included in the costs. See Employee and Partner GST/HST rebate on the GST/HST page.

CRA Reviews and Reassessments of WFH Expenses

See What you need to know if the CRA reviews your home office expense claims, reflecting the personal experience of Jamie Golombek, F CPA, F CA, CFP, CLU, TEP.

See his follow-up article Everything you need to know about claiming home office expenses on your tax return, which he wrote after CRA rejected his claim for employment expenses incurred while working from home (WFH) due to the pandemic.

And the final article Want to take on the CRA? Jamie Golombek shares his own fight with the taxman, which details Jamie Golombek's attempt to have his day in Tax Court, which was not needed as CRA quickly settled after he filed his appeal.

See above for how to claim your working from home expenses during the pandemic.

Tax Tip: Keep awesome documentation of your expenses if you're claiming the detailed method!

Canadian Tax and RRSP Savings Calculator

Line 22900 employment expenses can be entered in the "other deductions" line of the Canadian Tax and RRSP Savings Calculator.

Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Resources

Home office expenses for employees

Line 22900 Other Employment Expenses

T2200 Declaration of Conditions of Employment

T4044 Employment Expenses - including Employees working at home due to COVID-19

IT-352 Employee's Expenses, including work-space-in-home expenses (Archived)

T4130 Employers' Guide - Taxable Benefits and Allowances

Home Office Expenses 2021 and 2022

The 2021 Economic and Fiscal Update announced that the Home Office Expense Deduction would be extended and enhanced:

	available for 2021 and 2022 tax years
	flat rate amount maximum increased to $500 per individual per year

See CPA Canada's Employee home office expenses for 2021: Government extends temporary rules.

Working From Home re COVID-19 - 2020 to 2022 Only

The 2020 Fall Economic Statement announced that the Home Office Expense Deduction would be simplified due to millions of Canadians unexpectedly working from home because of COVID-19. Those employees who worked from home prior to the pandemic would continue to claim home office expenses in the same manner as before the pandemic, using the detailed method.

On December 15, 2020, CRA announced a simplified process:

Employees with larger claims for home office expenses can still choose to use the existing detailed method to calculate their home office expenses deduction.

Employees who worked for home more than 50% of the time over a period of at least 4 consecutive weeks in 2020 due to COVID-19 will now be eligible to claim the home office expenses deduction for 2020 - this has been extended to 2021 and 2022.

New temporary flat rate method will allow eligible employees to claim a deduction of $2 for each day they worked at home in that period, plus any other days they worked from home in 2020 due to COVID-19 up to a maximum of $400. Neither Form T2200 or Form T2200S will have to be completed for this. This has been extended so that the maximum amount that can be claimed in 2021 and in 2022 is $500 per individual per year, using Form T777S.

For employees choosing the detailed method, simplified forms T2200S and Form T777S are used, for 2020, 2021 and 2022 taxation years.

See CRA's

	Home office expenses for employees and
	Home office expenses for employees - What you need to know for the 2022 tax-filing season

CPA Canada / CRA Webinar Re Home Office Expenses During COVID

In the October 26, 2020 CPA Canada - CRA webinar on CEWS and more, the issues of home office expenses, commuting, parking, and home office equipment are discussed, starting at 29:40 of the webinar. Some of the points made:

Commuting/home office expenses:

	Although parking, and travel between the employee's home and place of employment are usually a taxable benefit, a reasonable allowance for additional commuting costs incurred by the employee while the employee continues to work at the employer's place of business, or while working from home, will not be considered a taxable benefit during the pandemic.
	In situations where the employee continues working at their regular place of employment, CRA will not consider the employee to receive a taxable benefit where their employer pays for, reimburses, or provides a reasonable allowance for additional commuting costs incurred by the employee.
	This position is extended to situations where the employee is working from home because the regular place of employment is closed, and CRA would not consider the employee to receive a taxable benefit where the employer pays for, reimburses or provides a reasonable allowance for commuting costs incurred by the employee to travel to the regular place of employment, say to pick up computer equipment or perhaps other office equipment so that they can work from home.
	Both the above positions would be extended to the use of employer-provided motor vehicles for this kind of travel.
	Employers should maintain appropriate records to demonstrate that allowances provided are reasonable in relation to commuting costs.
	Employees using employer-provided vehicles need to keep records of kilometres driven when commuting between their home and the regular place of employment.
	Parking: When the regular place of employment is closed due to COVID-19, the CRA will not consider that an employer-provided parking spot at the place of employment available to an employee’s use would result in a taxable benefit.
	Home office equipment: CRA will not consider an employee to receive a taxable benefit where the employer pays or reimburses up to $500 for computer or home office equipment to enable the employee to carry out their duties. They would expect that the employee would have receipts that they’ve provided to their employer. Equipment could include chairs, desks, monitors and some computer equipment. If the employer pays or reimburses over $500, the excess must be included in the employee’s income as a taxable benefit – unless ownership is retained by the employer.
	Internet / Cell phones

Other Resources Re COVID-19 Working from Home

December 2020 Life in the Tax Lane

Video Tax News December 15, 2020 - New Home Office Expense Claim Methods

BLG - CRA consults stakeholders on employee work-from-home expense deduction - includes CRA's proposed revised "short-form" T2200.

EY Canada - Could home quarantine mean home office tax deductions?

- on this topic, the above information still applies, and see also the Video Tax News links below.

LawNow: Working from Home: Income Tax Issues

Video Tax News June 2020 Life in the Tax Lane - Telecommuting Allowances and Reimbursements

Video Tax News May 2020 Life in the Tax Lane - Working From Home

Revised: September 20, 2024